Effective with demutualization, the Company adopted the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants Statement of Position ("SOP")00-3, "Accounting by Insurance Enterprises for Demutualizations and Formations of Mutual Insurance Holding Companies and For Certain Long-Duration Participating Contracts." SOP00-3 addresses financial statement presentation and accounting for certain participating policies after demutualization, accounting for demutualization expenses, and accounting for retained earnings and other comprehensive income at the date of demutualization.
On the date of demutualization, Prudential Insurance established a Closed Block for certain individual life insurance policies and annuities issued by Prudential Insurance in the United States. The Closed Block forms the principal component of the Closed Block Business. For a discussion of the Closed Block Business see Note 20. The Company established a separate closed block for participating individual life insurance policies issued by the Canadian branch of Prudential Insurance. Because of the substantially smaller number of outstanding Canadian policies, this separate closed block is insignificant in size and is not included in the information presented below.
The policies included in the Closed Block are specified individual life insurance policies and individual annuity contracts that were in force on the effective date of the Plan of Reorganization and for which Prudential Insurance is currently paying or expects to pay experience-based policy dividends. Assets have been allocated to the Closed Block in an amount that has been determined to produce cash flows which, together with revenues from policies included in the Closed Block, are expected to be sufficient to support obligations and liabilities relating to these policies, including provision for payment of benefits, certain expenses, and taxes and to provide for continuation of the policyholder dividend scales in effect in 2000, assuming experience underlying such scales continues. To the extent that, over time, cash flows from the assets allocated to the Closed Block and claims and other experience related to the Closed Block are, in the aggregate, more or less favorable than what was assumed when the Closed Block was established, total dividends paid to Closed Block policyholders in the future may be greater than or less than the total dividends that would have been paid to these policyholders if the policyholder dividend scales in effect in 2000 had been continued. Any cash flows in excess of amounts assumed will be available for distribution over time to Closed Block policyholders and will not be available to stockholders. If the Closed Block has insufficient funds to make guaranteed policy benefit payments, such payments will be made from assets outside of the Closed Block. The Closed Block will continue in effect as long as any policy in the Closed Block remains in force unless, with the consent of the New Jersey insurance regulator, it is terminated earlier.
The recorded assets and liabilities were allocated to the Closed Block at their historical carrying amounts. The excess of Closed Block Liabilities over Closed Block Assets at the effective date of the demutualization (adjusted to eliminate the impact of related amounts in "Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)") represents the estimated maximum future earnings from the Closed Block expected to result from operations attributed to the Closed Block after income taxes. As required by SOP00-3, the Company developed an actuarial calculation of the timing of such maximum future earnings. If actual cumulative earnings in any given period are greater than the expected cumulative earnings, only the expected earnings will be recognized in income. Any excess of actual cumulative earnings over expected cumulative earnings will represent undistributed accumulated earnings attributable to policyholders and will be recorded as a policyholder dividend obligation to be paid to Closed Block policyholders as an additional policyholder dividend unless otherwise offset by future Closed Block performance that is less favorable than originally expected. As of December 31, 2001, no such additional policyholder dividends were recorded. If over such period, the actual cumulative earnings of the Closed Block are less than the expected cumulative earnings of the Closed Block, the Company will recognize only the actual earnings in income. However, the Company may change policyholder dividend scales in the future, which would be intended to increase future actual earnings until the actual cumulative earnings equal the expected cumulative earnings.
On November 13, 2001, Prudential Insurance's Board of Directors acted to reduce dividends, effective January 1, 2002, on Closed Block policies to reflect unfavorable investment experience that has emerged since July 1, 2000, the date the Closed Block was originally funded. This action resulted in a $104 million reduction of the liability for policyholder dividends recognized in the year ended December 31, 2001.
Closed Block Liabilities and Assets designated to the Closed Block at December 31, 2001, as well as maximum future earnings to be recognized from Closed Block Liabilities and Closed Block Assets, are as follows:
Closed Block revenues and benefits and expenses for the period from the date of demutualization through December 31, 2001 were as follows:
